Women as Sexsual Object

Sexism – Women as Sexual Objects Since the beginning of time, women have always been described by men as having sexual appeal. However, most of the descriptions held a negative stigma in them. In Korea’s fairytale, there exists a mythical gumiho, a nine-tailed fox who could transform into a beautiful woman so that they can seduce unsuspecting men and eat their livers. What does this tells us? Men, beware! There are beautiful women out there who are out to trick you so that she can eat your liver. This reeks of sexism where women are held in negative assumptions.Media further reinforces this view by broadcasting shows, programs or video games that exploit women’s sexual appeal. In the past, women are blamed if they could allure other women’s men; they are said to be wicked and bad (or to used the common word, a whore). If they are raped, it will always be the women’s fault; they wore revealing clothes, they were seducing him, etc. The men were never blamed, at least not directly. They are absolved of any responsibilities towards the women, even if the women that they had raped became pregnant and were the subject of ridicule among other people.Even when the men are punished for their crimes, the women will always bear a stigma; they are considered to be dirty and have lower status than a slave. I watch a lot of Korean dramas. They usually are centered on the theme of love. There usually will be two types of woman characters in the story. First and foremost is the heroine. She can be a successful woman in her career, or a naive school girl, or a woman who is facing some difficulties in her life; they will always be identifiable because they are the good girl who are kind to others or are sympathetic to other’s plight.They will always get the heroes. Then, there are the other women on the other side of spectrum. They are usually the bad girl, the one who wanted to steal the heroes. They are the scheming temptresses, are tw o-faced and are out to get the heroine. However, in the end, justice will prevail and the bad girls will get what’s coming to her. This is a type of negative stereotyping. Either the girl is kind and innocent, or the girl is a wily seductress. The girl’s sexuality is viewed as a bad thing; her weapons in tricking mankind. Woman’s sexuality is further exploited in video games.A 1998 study found that a significant amount of games portrayed women as sex objects (Dietz). There have been a lot of Japanese adult video games published recently where the goal of the games is for the player to break the wills of the women characters and seduce them until they become his faithful sex slave. An example of this game is Gibo : Stepmother’s Sins. In this game, the player’s father had just gotten married and his new wife and her daughter had moved into the player’s house. The player had a grudge against his real mother because he had walk upon his mother w hile she was cheating on his father.He transferred his hatred towards his new mother,Misaki and tried very hard to seduce her in order to prove his point that all women are depraved and couldn’t contain their sexual wanton feelings to themselves. In the course of proving his point, he groped Misaki on the crowded public train and let everyone else see her stepmother being covered in his semen (after he covered his own pant, of course). He also installed small hidden camera in the bath room so that he can take a peek of Misaki and her daughter, Shiina showering and using the toilet at a later time.He repeatedly tried to bend Misaki’s will to match to his wants and punished her psychologically when she refused. For example, Misaki wanted them to feel like a real family and asked him to call her mom. He then slyly agreed to follow her request in exchange for a kiss on the lips. When she initially refused, he cajoled her into agreeing to his terms. This happens repeatedly throughout the game, even when she repeatedly says no, until her will is broken and she became his sex slave. This game cleverly avoided using physical violence to break the women characters; instead the player had to use psychological persuasions to get what he wants.Never the less, this game still degrades women and their sexuality. Then, there are video games where the player downright raped women to break their wills. RapeLay is one of these games. In this game, the player initially attempt to grope a girl named Aoi, but was arrested when she reported it. His parents bribed his way out though, and he planned to take revenge against Aoi for busting him by raping her as well as her mother and sister. The girls will be groped until they are aroused against their will, and then they are raped. Once a girl’s will is broken, you can count on her to help you molest her relatives.If she is pregnant, which happened when you choose to ejaculate inside her while having vaginal sex, you will have to force her to abort the baby if you want to live through the game. However, the girl will commit suicide after this by taking a poison pill. You are free to rape these women as long as the game doesn’t end. Though the sex themselves are non-consensual, there was never any violence nor torture while the player is raping the women. Usually, the women will give in after a while, and they even enjoyed the sex (supposedly).As you can see, this does not bode well with women. Are we supposed to assume that a woman will enjoyed the sex while she is being raped by a stranger, even though she initially resists his intention? If this is taken as a fact, then the ‘psycho’ will took this as a legitimate reason to rape women against their will because according to the video games, the women may resists it at first but they will enjoy it after a while. This misperception is dangerous for women. If the men believed this, then women are prone to be subjected to ph ysical and emotional abuse in their relationships.A research by Apt and Hurlbert (1993) noted that women who experienced sexual abuse in their relationships expressed higher levels of sexual dissatisfaction and has negative attitudes toward sex. They also will have a tendency to avoid sex altogether compared to women who did not suffer any abuse whatsoever. This reality is a far cry from the games’ depiction that women enjoyed being raped. Even more disturbing is the possibility that women who experienced sexual violence may blame themselves for the experiences (Bennice et al. , 2003).Furthermore, in one research, college students rated female characters in video games to be more sexually provocative than the male characters (Ogletree & Drake, 2007), which shows that these students have a negative perception towards women’s sexuality. Video games that feature women as a tough chick with guns have become popular during recent years. Lara Croft is one of them. This game features Lara Croft, the protagonist, who travels around the world in the mission of searching for rare and mystical artifacts. Lara is the ultimate sex symbol.She’s sexy, she’s brainy, she’s athletic, and she kicks and kills people, literally (or at least, she does in the video game). She is a powerful woman who can fight to protect herself. This is what Toby Gard, the creator of Lara Croft, intends for Lara to be; she is sexy because she is powerful. However, other people attributed her status as a sex symbol mainly because of her physical appearance, or to be exact, her body. Play Station Magazine even listed big breast as one of her famous physical attributes. It also help that the game is in 3D mode, which makes Lara body appears realistic, even when it is not.Lara’s body in reality is an image product of a man’s fantasy. When the game is adapted to real life film, Angelina Jolie, who played her had to wear padding on her breast to add the big breast effect to Lara’s character (Lara Croft has 36D cup size while Jolie’s is 36C). She also has to gain some weight to portray Lara’s curvaceous body. Angelina Jolie has stated that personally, she is comfortable with her own body and wouldn’t want breast as big as Lara’s. However, many players, especially men, appeared to be happy with Lara’s body.They performed in-game actions to view closer camera angles of her breast, and some fans also created cheat code that would make Lara removed her clothing. Some fans also created artworks called the Nude Raider, which featured images of Lara in the nude. It has become a trend nowadays to produce movies that featured women as a tough chick who are involved in violent fights. Example of one is Kill Bill, produced by Quentin Tarantino. It tells the story of the Bride, a ninja assassin, who is on a mission to kill all of her former assassin colleagues who took part in the massacre on her wedding d ay.She was shot in the head by Bill, her former boss and lover during her wedding day. The movie justify the Bride’s actions by acknowledging that she deserved her vengeance after being wronged by her boss and his entire assassin squad. The film was filled with action and violence all the way. The Bride went on a killing spree mission, assassinating the people on her kill list, and the sight was not pleasant. There are a lot of bloods splashed, gory images of limbs parting ways with the body. And funnily enough, almost all of the assassin squad is women. The only exception was Budd, Bill’s brother.This film glorifies women as killing machines. They are the absolute femme fatale whose looks can kill (literally). The heroine herself is a powerful woman, which in turn make her hot. Women embrace this perception of female aggressive sexuality. I myself, on occasion, dreamed of being a lethal woman, who can fight her way out of trouble. It is appealing to think of myself th at way, because to me a femme fatale is both hot and sexy. I think the reason we find an aggressive women sexy is because we can protect ourselves from threats, and the notion of being able to fight is opposite to the traditional view of women’s femininity.Women has always been viewed as weak and relying on the strength of a man to protect them from harm, and the idea that we could defy that and be able to fight a man on our own are very appealing. The women are empowered by strength and the ability to handles weapons; it’s not hard to see why women are attracted to this view. Among other things, women are also affected by the ideal body portrayed in video games. In video games, the women character is busty and curvy while being thin at the same time. Of course, this is not realistically possible.It has been confirmed that young women usually compare themselves with the models they see in advertisement (Richins, 1991). And they don’t like what they see in themse lves. However, women are still obsessed with achieving what they saw as the perfect body and go on extensive diet to acquire it. In the course they neglect to take proper care of their body. And when they still couldn’t achieve it, they are depressed and ashamed because they think they are fat, and their self confidences plummet down the drain. Men who played video games also have unrealistic perceptions toward women’s body.In video games, women characters are usually shown as having small breast, thin body and small hips. There has been several researches which show that there is a positive correlation between large breast and attractiveness (Furnham, Hester ,& Weir, 1990; Kelinke & Staneski, 1980). In one study, Amy Rask surveyed the male student on which type of women’s body they think are realistic. The majority of them choose the drawing that showed a skinny woman with a large breast. This means that the male players are affected by the video games because the games altered their perceptions on realistically well-proportioned women’s body.In my Best Plan Paper, I used Utilitarian Theory to guide me in making decision that will affect people I never met. In this particular topic, I would take actions that will benefits everyone in the longer run. I think it would serve the society greater benefits if game makers start to portray the characters especially their physical appearance as realistically as possible. This way, the player will not be misinformed and have unrealistic expectations towards their own or other’s body. Violence against women should also be discouraged especially in video games and media. There should also be stricter rating system on violence.This way parents can avoid bringing their kids to the film that contains extensive violence. The available rating system on violence is too loose. For example, Kill Bill, which is a very violent film depicting gory killing scene, is granted PG-13 when it should onl y be viewed by teenage aged 18 and above only. The society should also be educated in the effect of violence and abuse on women, and if the media need to portray the violence on screen, they should be as minimal as possible and served as a reminder to educate the people on the effect this abuse will have on society’s harmony in general.Works Cited Rask, Amy. â€Å"Video Game Vixens: Shaping Men’s Perceptions of Beauty? † Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA, May 23, 2007 . http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p171095_index. html 5 March 2011 Rayhill, Ryan (August 2007). â€Å"Tomb Raider: Anniversary†. PlayStation Magazine (Future Publishing) (126): 82. Miller, Prairie. Angelina Jolie on Filling Lara Croft’s Shoes and D-Size Cups. NY Rock. June 2001 Web. http://www. nyrock. com/interviews/2001/jolie_int. sp 5 March 2011 Rapelay. Giant Bomb. Web. http://www. giantbomb. com/rapelay/ 61-16696/ 5 March 2011 Geddes, Dan. Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003). The Satirist. 19 January 2004. Web. http://www. thesatirist. com/films/Killbill. html 5 March 2011 Offmann, Alia & Matherson, Kimberly. Healthy Place. The Sexual Self-Perceptions of Young Women Experiencing Abuse in Dating Relationships. 1 November 2004 Web. http://www. healthyplace. com/sex/abuse/the-sexual-self-perceptions-of-young-women-experiencing-abuse-in-dating-relationships/menu-id-66/ 5 March 2011

Meteor Proposal

OWNERS’ BRAND PERCEPTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL Prepared for Meteor Motorcycle Company Good Stuff! Dated: September 7th, ____ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Currently, Meteor needs to understand how its customers regard four brands relative to each other: Meteor, Comet Chopper, Harley, and Big Dog. Also, because of the unexpected sales success of the Comet Chopper motorcycle, Meteor needs to understand the major factors for the appeal of the Comet Chopper. Meteor’s marketing team also needs to update the demographic profile of its customers.This is because Meteor sells through a network of dealers, some of whom do not always record details about the demographics of motorcycle buyers. BACKGROUND On September 11, 200_, the Meteor marketing team met researchers from Good Stuff! at the Meteor headquarters. The presentation included the history of the Meteor Motorcycle Company, its founders, the brand types and other useful inputs. The Meteor marketing team was open to allowing the Good Stuff ! researchers to participate in the Harvest Biker Fest event to be held in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Details of the event and other issues were discussed during the same session.It was also agreed that Meteor would provide a list of existing Meteor Chopper owners to help Good Stuff! in its research. Problem definition / RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Problem definition The research team at Good Stuff! will 1) study Meteor and Comet Chopper owners’ brand perceptions of heavyweight cruiser motorcycles, 2) so that the Meteor marketing team can better understand the appeal of these brands to specific customer segments, 3) so that the Meteor Motorcycle Company can improve the positioning of its brands in the marketplace and achieve a 30 per cent annual growth in sales revenues in the coming year.RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Accordingly, four modules of research will comprise the joint research project. †¢ To identify and gather information about existing competitors that buyers consider when buying a Comet Chopper. Good Stuff! will gain an understanding of who in terms of competitors are Comet Chopper owners’ considering during the buying process, and why. †¢ To understand the appeal of the Comet Chopper. Good Stuff! will explore the demand for the Comet Chopper by examining the appeal. Good Stuff! ill determine what the appeal of the Comet Chopper is, to further understand the feelings, stories and attitudes behind the Comet Chopper customer. †¢ To understand the level of brand awareness between Meteor and the Comet Chopper. Good Stuff! will research the customer’s perception of the brand relation between the Meteor brand and the Comet Chopper (made by Meteor). Good Stuff! will research customers’ awareness levels, identify degrees of brand awareness and examine issues related to dual branding. To describe both the Meteor owner, and the Comet Chopper owner in terms of demographics and psychographics thereby gaining a better understa nding of the existing customer profile. Good Stuff! will explore the demographics of the Comet Chopper owner in terms of age, sex, income, occupation, and education level in addition to psychographics such as attitudes, beliefs, consumption habits and interests. APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM Meteor Motorcycle Company was previously involved in similar projects with Good Stuff!. In the Fall of 1998 and in the Spring of 2000, Good Stuff! onducted Meteor’s first dealer and customer satisfaction phone surveys. Both of these surveys included a module on brand perceptions of Meteor and its competitors in the marketplace. The results had immediate operational impact for Meteor. Since the 1998 research project, sales for Meteor have increased 1800 per cent. The current research project will give primary focus to Meteor owners’ brand perceptions, with lesser emphasis to customer satisfaction of Meteor owners. Only Meteor owners will be surveyed. RESEARCH DESIGN For the purpose of thi s research Good Stuff! ill undertake primary research to execute a conclusive design using web-surveying methods , as well as an exploratory design employing observation and in-depth interviews at a regional motorcycle rider’s fest. For the web survey, all scale responses will be used. The ranking of the four focal brands on 12 different personality traits will be a core part of the research project. However, all other types of scale responses will be used. FIELD WORK / DATA COLLECTION In this effort, respondents will be recruited by phone to take the survey on the internet.For those without internet at work or at home (estimated to be less than 5 per cent of the sample frame), the interview will be conducted by phone. †¢ Web Surveys: Primary source of data collection will be through an internet site Surveytime. com; that will host the electronic questionnaire. One hundred Meteor owners and 200 Comet Chopper owners will receive a letter from Good Stuff! explaining the pu rpose of the study and inviting their participation. This 2:1 ratio of Comet Chopper to Meteor owners reflects the current sales ratio of these two brands.The letter will direct them to the website and request then to complete the survey. A $2 cash incentive will be included in each recruiting letter. Importantly, those taking the survey will be entered into a raffle for a leather Meteor varsity jacket. †¢ Phone Interviews: A concerted effort will be made to identity and approach those Comet Chopper owners that failed to complete the web survey. The contact details of the current Chopper owners would be provided by the Meteor marketing team. †¢ Observations and Interviews: Good Stuff! esearchers will attend the Harvest Biker Fest on September 19 and September 20. It is believed that the Rally will provide us with an opportunity to observe chopper owners in their environment and to interview them, as well. Coding and Data entry †¢ Survey Time. com allows the researcher s to download data into Excel spreadsheets. †¢ After conducting the phone interviews, the responses will be transferred into the excel spreadsheets, as well. †¢ Numerical data will be entered for close-ended questions. †¢ Entered data will be checked for accuracy and edited if necessary.After the spreadsheet has been edited and checked for accuracy, it will be converted into an SPSS data file. After completing the coding and data entry for the closed and open-ended questions, results will be tabulated. DATA ANALYSIS Some of the various techniques that will be utilized to analyze the data are †¢ Descriptive statistics in tabulated form using percentages †¢ Graphical analysis of the data †¢ Correlation Analysis The following are some examples of results of data analysis that Meteor’s marketing team can expect to see in the final report. . [pic] [pic] Timeline ACTIVITY |EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE | |Meeting with Meteor marketing team |Sept 11 | |Har vest Biker Fest |Sept 19& 20 | |Proposal & Questionnaire Submission |Oct 7-10 | |Survey Loaded in the Web Server |Oct 10-20 | |Letters mailed to Comet Chopper owners |Oct 10-14 | |Data Collection |Oct 14-30 | |Follow up Telephone Interviews |Nov 1-7 | |Coding, Data Entry and Data Cleaning |Nov 7-14 | |Preliminary Analysis |Nov 14-21 | |Final Analysis and Report |Nov 22-30 | |Presentation to Client |Dec 4 | Information Investment COST ESTIMATION – TASKS* |HOURS |COSTS (*) | |Upfront Consulting Work and Design |——– |$ 8,000. 00 | |Designing & Producing Questionnaires ($55/hr) |80 hours |$ 4,400. 00 | |Research & Compilation of Name List ($55/hr) |8 |$ 440. 00 | |Final Analysis & Reporting ($75/hr) |100 |$ 7,500. 0 | |Internet Survey** |——– |$18,000. 00 | |Phone Line / Calling Cards (1 min @ $0. 10) |250 |$ 1,500. 00 | |Telephone Interviewers (150 phone interviews @ $10 per interview) |——– |$ 1,500. 00 | |I ncentives to Respondents ($2 @ X 300 respondents = $400 jacket) |——– |$ 1,000. 00 | |Data Entry (1 survey @ 10minutes @ $6. 50/hr) |50 |$ 325. 0 | |Coding the Data (programming work & compatibility of data) |——– |$ 2,500. 00 | |Other Overhead Cost (Office Supplies-binders, photocopying) |——– |$ 500. 00 | | | | | |TOTAL | |$45,665. 00 | Note: Other operating expenses encountered during the conduct of the project will be invoiced additionally to Meteor at the conclusion of the project. Hours and hourly rates are presented for Good Stuff! ’s internal use. These would be deleted in the version of this proposal given to the Meteor marketing team. ** The Internet Survey cost includes the programming and the designing of the Web module, server and usage fee and data retrieval. REPORTING At the conclusion of the project, the following will be delivered to Meteor: †¢ Three copies of the final written report with al l the appendices. The final report will include an annotated survey with the percentage of responses for each possible question response. Detailed data tables will be included in the report to summarize important information found in the research.It will also include the final conclusions and recommendations made based on the research study. †¢ Three CD’s with the electronic version of the final report, the PowerPoint slides and the SPSS data files. PROJECT PERSONNEL Mark Peterson Research Team Leader Mark Peterson received his Ph. D. in Marketing from the Georgia Institute of Technology in March 1994. Mark received the Academy of Marketing Science’s Alpha Kappa Psi Dissertation Award for his lab and field study of consumers’ emotional responses to television ads. Mark’s scholarly works have been published in the Journal of Business Research, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, the Small Business Management Journal among others.Prior to launching Good Stuff! , Mark was a statistical methods consultant for SDR, Inc. in Atlanta, and an associate professor of marketing at the University of Texas at Arlington where he taught in the Masters of Science in Marketing Research program. Jim McGee Research Team Associate Jim McGee received his MSMR degree from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1996. Since that time, Jim has worked as a project manager for a variety of marketing research firms including Campbell Research and Global Mapping International. Jim is pleased to be reunited with Mark Peterson at Good Stuff! , as both were members of the legendary â€Å"Gold Team† at SDR, Inc. in the mid-nineties.Jim regards his most rewarding skill to be applying conjoint analysis – a multivariate statistical technique – in survey research to solve problems for client firms. APPENDIXES [If available at this time in the development of the project, a draft of Meteor Survey A would be attached. ] —†”—————– 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% &ages 1 States Geographic Distribution of Comet Chopper Owners TX FL CA WI Others 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% %age 1 Brands Brand Awareness Consider Comet Chopper Thought to be a Separate Company Comet Chopper is a Meteor brand Comet Chopper is a West Coast Chopper brand Comet Chopper is a Harley Brand Others

Conflict between Family Firms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conflict between Family Firms - Essay Example 1985). The founders tend to manage and supervise dissent, allowing very little contribution from others in the decision making process (Dyer 1986). It is this tension among family business partners and unequal business partners that leads to conflict. When one partner believes he/she had the lead position in forming the roots of the business, he/she may anticipate more of his/her time to be allocated to the job role. "Family businesses are unique institutions in the socioeconomic environment of the United States. Family businesses, whether large or small, are characterized by having the founder or a family member as president or chief executive officer, members of the founder's family employed by the company, and managers defining their firm as a family business." (Davis and Harveston, 2001) Those who play down the impact of family firms may not be aware that family businesses comprise an estimated 80 percent of the 15 million businesses in the U.K. (Carsrud 1994) and represent more than 50 percent of Britian's GDP (McCann, Leon-CJuerrero, and Haley 1997). Despite their importance in the Britian economy, family businesses have a complex set of problems not completely addressed by classical management theory (Davies and Stern 1980). One such problem is the effect of conflict in the family. Conflicts "When examining intraorganizational conflict, a central issue is determining the foci of conflict. Conflict theorists (such as Guetzkow and Gyr 1994; Ross 2001; Wall and Nolan 1986) typically describe conflict as either substantive, consisting of task disagreements, or affective, consisting of emotionally-charged interpersonal clashes characterized by anger, distrust, frustration, and other forms of negative affect. Because our focus is f) in the investigation of conflict concerning the business, the model developed here focuses on substantive conflict which describe as "intellectual opposition among participants, deriving from the content of the agenda". (Davis and Harveston, 2001) "That is, substantive conflict arises from disagreements about task issues including the nature and importance of task goals and such key decisions as procedures for task accomplishment, and the appropriate choice for action" As used here, the existence of "substantive conflict is defined as the owner/manager's perception that there are disagreements about task issues including the nature and importance of goals and decision areas". (Davis and Harveston, 2001) "Beckhard and Dyer (1983) have "suggested that the key substantive issues that leaders of family business should address are (Ownership and executive leadership continuity or change, power and asset distribution, and the role of the firm in society". Luce and Raiffa (1957, p. 1) characterize substantive or issue-based conflict as situations in which "an individual is in a situation from which one of several possible outcomes will result and with respect to which he has certain personal preferences. However, though he may have some control over the variables that determine the

I would like to do my paper on the way different genders are educated Research

I would like to do my on the way different genders are educated and learn differently - Research Paper Example In modern western societies gender is something which is flexible and is worked at by individuals in a social context: â€Å"an accomplishment, an achieved property of situated conduct†¦ Rather than as a property of individuals we perceive gender as an emergent feature of social situations.† (West and Zimmerman, 1987, p. 126) One very important social institution for the â€Å"doing† of gender in this way is the education system. This paper examines the way that different genders are educated differently and explores why they learn differently and achieve different outcomes. In classical and medieval times formal education was reserved mainly for men, and women were restricted to domestic training and preparation for marriage. Theories why this was the case range from kind of biological determinism based on hunter-gatherer job distribution to political power struggles in which the patriarchs used superior physical strength to apportion most of the privileges to the mselves. The stereotyping of girls as passive and nurturing and boys as active and combative comes from this kind of reasoning. In families and in nursery schools boys certainly display a general tendency to play with mechanical toys, while girls tend to choose dolls and clothes, largely because these choices are reinforced by parents and teachers, and opposite choices are often frowned upon. This is the power of socialization at work which sets up unspoken gender â€Å"norms† for boys and girls. With the arrival of feminism in the twentieth century many educators actively began to work against this stereotyping and it became clear that when equal opportunity and support is given for free choices, there is a far less clear distinction between boys’ and girls’ behavior. (Butler, 1999) Some studies point out that brain differences between males and females have been observed, (Gurian and Stevens, 2011, 43) and that these mimic the classic spatial awareness ability of boys and communicative prowess of girls. It is not entirely clear, however, whether these differences are innate, or whether they are learned during early childhood. Certainly the socialization of children is very important in the way that they perceive gender, both in terms of themselves, and in terms of the range of choices available to them in their lives. Boys and girls learn different ways of talking, and of behaving, and this predisposes them to particular subjects later in life. (Hall and Bucholtz, 1995, 5-12) After a period of intensive support for women in education, the situation of exclusion has been removed, and in fact the worry for modern society is now the under-representation of boys and men in education. It is estimated that in 2007 â€Å"the gender gap will reach 2-3 million, with 9.2 million women enrolled in U.S. colleges compared with 6.9 million men.† (Lopez, 2003, p. 2) The ratio in some minority ethnic groups is likely to show an even greater imbal ance than this. It may be that such trends are due to factors in contemporary society, such as the effect of feminism on the education world, and the way that teaching and assessment methods have changed to favour homework and continuous assessment, for example, instead of final unseen examination. The underperformance of boys may also be due to a crisis in the way that masculinity is perceived: men are expected to relinquish their superior position in

ABC ImmigrationImmigration Legal Services and Counseling Research Paper

ABC ImmigrationImmigration Legal Services and Counseling - Research Paper Example Management Summary 7. Financial Plan 1.0 Executive Summary The purpose of this brief business plan is to present the reader with the pursuit and stated intention of ABC Legal with reference to its goal of entering the market for legal counsel with regards to immigration counseling. Similarly, the piece will seek to detail the goals, targets, and developments that ABC Immigration would like to experience over the next two years of time. All of this is done with the intention of providing a discernible yet flexible framework by which the shareholders can consider the strengths and weaknesses that ABC Immigration provides as well as helping the firm to avert and/or minimize risk and maximize its key assets and/or strengths. 1.1 OBJECTIVES This particular business plan has a two-fold objective which is listed below: 1. Firstly, the business plan will act as a guide by which the shareholders of the firm will be able to manage and direct the growth and activities that will take place. As s uch, the guidance and framework which will be put forward, as well as time sensitive goals and metrics, will assist the aforementioned shareholders in developing a comprehensive business plan suited to addressing many of the needs that will doubtless present themselves to the business. 2. By providing such descriptive metrics, the business plan will guide the growth and development of the firm in a way that an abstract and non-measurable idea, or set of ideas, could not. Similarly, the objectives of ABC Immigration have been detailed below: As with any business, the overarching objective of ABC Immigration is to provide a wide and diverse array of legal and counseling services that will serve the client base with the peculiar needs that any and all immigration related questions and concerns would likely generate. Furthermore, the eventual goal will be to become something of a market leader within the geographic region with regards to immigration issues. 1. Profit: As with any firm, the primary motivator is to provide a profit to the shareholders by a means of sufficient growth and development of the firm and the services that are offered. In this way, the profit objective fits in with the following objectives as the ultimate end towards which the others work. 2. Growth: As a means to differentiate the business, add services, and provide a higher quality of services to the customer as well as providing a higher profit margin through differentiation of services, the growth of the firm is a secondary objective. 3. Market dominance: As a way to realize the two previous elements of listed objectives, the firm will attempt to obtain market dominance within the field. 1.2 MISSION As with many service industries, the mission of the firm is straightforward and relatively simple: Purpose: The purpose of the firm exists to provide professional, helpful, affordable, and timely legal counseling to the customers that seek such services. In this manner, the company exists fo r the sole purpose of providing the aforementioned services to the individuals companies that avail themselves of the services that ABC Immigration offers. Vision: The firm envisions itself as successful only by providing the highest quality of services to its customers. By providing such a high level of quality and at market leading prices, ABC Immigration aims to satisfy the needs of those it serves by providing both high quality, individualized access, and affordable rates to the clients who have honored the firm with their patronage. Mission: The mission can be summed up in two parts. Firstly, the firm has a short-term mission objective which will see the company constitute itself in a farily rapid manner; all the while

Taxonomy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taxonomy - Case Study Example The main objective of a car crash analysis is to use a car crash data to identify critical combinations of accident that may produce the greatest amount of harm during an automobile adventure. Analyzing faults of cars and trucks in a car-truck crashes can provide important information to be used during an automobile adventure by drivers. It concentrates on investigating who is at fault between a driver of a truck and a driver of a car. Most of these faults are done by careless drivers that engage on unsafe driving acts on the roadways. For instance, a fault of leaving a vehicle in the travel lane due to inattentive driving behavior may cause a severe and costly accident. The research shows that crashes of cars and trucks are more fatal and severe than any other type of vehicle crashes and can be characterized either by low frequency of occurrence with high severity such as head-on crashes or by high frequency of occurrence with low severity like rear-end crashes (U.S. Department of T ransportation, 1999). Finding out unsafe driving acts commonly experienced on roads, due to careless and inattentive drivers, is a noble undertaking of any person embarking on an automobile adventure to test out a car. This will enlighten on some of hazards or traffic hassles that one might run into on the streets before taking a race. By ranking, these unsafe driving acts would help other drivers taking an automobile drive in a great way to identify and avoid these careless and costly acts. Taking a safe automobile drive to test a car out on a highway will require a lot of discipline and caution. In this regard, ensure that your car is fitted with tools such as air bag and speed limit among others that are essential in reducing cases of injuries and death in case a road accident occurs. A driver needs to rest enough before driving, be alert and avoid alcohol or drug while driving. The headlights, signal lights, windows and

Efficacy of Personal and Professional Communication Research Paper

Efficacy of Personal and Professional Communication - Research Paper Example Yet, application of its principles seems neglected in actual clinical set-ups. Although the efficacy of health care communications is disregarded by some, interpersonal and professional communication patterns play primary roles in enhancing quality services, connecting communication gaps, and preventing clinical practice errors. Interpersonal Health Communication Interpersonal communication functions as one of the main areas that need close scrutiny. In clinical settings, interpersonal contact means â€Å"provider-client communication,† which serves as the primary source of association (Schiavo, 2007). Accordingly, clients place their full trust on their clinical providers, in return, the medical staffs do their best to assure their clients’ condition--clients fully depend on health providers for support and treatment. Initially, clients seek health-related advice regarding their health status, establishing interpersonal contact between clients and health providers. In the process of medical consultation, health providers are accountable in exhibiting intellectual and psychological skills in handling their clients (Hubble, Trowbridge, Hubbard, Ahsens, & Ward-Smith, 2008). Part of basic function is forming personal relationship with clients during preliminary inquiry on physiological and psychological disposition. As this is a delicate matter, competent communication techniques must be exhibited by providers--draw out accurate and reliable information as chief basis for further management and treatment. In the assurance of therapeutic interpersonal communication, this augment client awareness and comprehension with suggested care plan, while being time-effective during assessment and examination period (Gordon, 2002). Evidently, the performance of efficient interpersonal strategy in health communication assumes that clients get quality medical attention they seek, and health staff gets to perform their obligatory functions more proficiently. Profes sional Health Communication In another communication area, professional communication serves as important aspect in the care of clients. Schiavo (2007) illustrates this communication classification as involving health providers in a â€Å"peer-to-peer approach...to promote the adoption of best medical and health practice.† In this statement, the professional category in health care communications indirectly affects the clients in the pursuance of standardized medical practice. Through cooperative relationship, each member assumes individual and team responsibilities during decision-making and resolving client-related management issues (O’Daniel, & Rosenstein, n.d.). Team collaboration elevates the features of care provided, in all phases of health process. Their expert exchange of medical information and active participation in the care of clients is critical in achieving holistic health care services and positive health outcomes. Excellent professional communication s erves as best defense against medical errors and neglect (Smith, & Mishra, 2010). Above all else, the professional health team can uphold their oath to ensure patient welfare in every action they perform.

Reflect on the need for sustainability in the retail food and food Essay

Reflect on the need for sustainability in the retail food and food service industries - Essay Example Since this is a very critical area lot of interest is vested in this sector both because of the high financial returns that are associated with it as well as the fact that it touches on the general welfare of the health of the society (Coles, 2011). In the twenty-first century there is a high prevalence of lifestyle related diseases which are as a result of inappropriate living habits and especially the kind of foods that people consume (Great Britain, 2011). Research carried out by the University of Nottingham recently indicated that 33% of the population of United Kingdom is obese. Obesity is not a hereditary condition that is passed on in the genes rather it is a condition that arises due to the kind of lifestyles that people lead especially the kind of foods they consume as well as their social life which includes physical activities and the like. Health organizations has over time tried to bring together proprietors in the food industry to come up with a common objective of ensuring sustainability in the industry rather than being profit oriented thus foregoing the health of the entire society (Coles, 2011). It is prudent to note that some unscrupulous business firms will produce foodstuffs that are ideally not fit for healthy human consumption but will go ahead to do so just because they will leap some good revenue out of the process but not bearing in mind the health impact their actions will cause to the consumers of the products. However, advanced societies like the United Kingdom have stipulated tough rules and regulations that govern and monitor business firms that operate in the food industry to ensure the dietary content of their products is within the stipulated health standards and has no health impacts to the end users whatsoever. This has ensured despite the sensitivity of the food sector in business discipline and high level integrity is maintained

Marketing scenario Essay Example for Free

Marketing scenario Essay Introduction Positioned as an premium offering focused to lowest overall cost to end users through superior overall performance. Leader in quality , performance and technological innovation Product lines Carton sealing and industrial tapes Specialized adhesives Other packaging products K2 tape – Manufactured using patented technology and a brand name for pressure sensitive carton sealing tape Very high tensile strength and sheer resistance Positioning High Price K2 Products Low Quality High Quality Ipack Tensile New Product Low Price Problem Statement †¢ K2 tape competed against inferior economy grade products in carton sealing type †¢ IPACK offered 25-35% lesser price †¢ Revenue of K2- . 6 million IPACK – $28.5 million in 2012 †¢ Tensile – a new competitor had $2.7 million dollar sale with one sales representative Should PST stay with high quality product or enter the economy grade segment ? Option 1: Enter the economy grade segment under the same brand PROS Access to the economy segment Defend market share against competition Diversification of product portfolio CONS Dilution of the brand image as a maker of  technological superior product Cannibalization of its own product offering Cluttered product line Option 2: Enter the economy grade segment under different brand Implications for: PROS CONS Customer †¢ Ability to fulfill need of price sensitive  customers †¢ Possibility of change in perception of  being a quality leader Distributor †¢ Possibility to offer a low end PST  product †¢ Even wider product range; Limited  sales force Sales Force †¢ Ability to offer more variety in terms of  price levels †¢ More effort to explain product  differences Brand †¢ No positive impact †¢ Negative impact on brand image Option 2: Stay with high-quality products Implications for: PROS CONS Customer †¢ Maintaining image of quality Leader †¢ Loss of Market share; Not targeting  price sensitive consumers Distributor †¢ No need for adjustment in  distribution policy †¢ Low-price offer only from competitor not from PST Sales Force †¢ Consistent and easy product  quality †¢ No ability to offer solution for price  sensitive customer Brand †¢ Consistent overall brand image †¢ No negative impact Recommendation PST should enter the economy grade segment NEW BRAND †¢ New name (unrelated to PST) to avoid negative impact on brand image †¢ Marketed completely independent PRODUCT LAUNCH †¢ Development and launch of two new products to compete with Tensile †¢ Competitive pricing strategy (similar to Tensile) ENTER MARKET †¢ Make use of well established distribution network †¢ Offer economy equivalents for RD-48 RDS-72 SUCCESS FACTORS †¢ There is a projected growth in demand (e.g. packaging segment 2.2%) †¢ PST has an established sales force and distribution network in the tape market †¢ There is a lack of brand loyalty of price sensitive customers (switching to PSTs new brand) †¢ There was suitable equipment and capacity for quick production Distribution Plan †¢ Distribution through existing network for faster brand growth †¢ Hire more sales people to increase service quality sales in PSTs tape business

Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay Example for Free

Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay Born â€Å"June 14, 1811†, â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe†, was born to â€Å"Roxana and Lyman Beecher† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). This seventh sibling has a famous brother, â€Å"Henry Ward Beecher†, who is a leader of the â€Å"abolitionist movement† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She also has a sister, â€Å"Catherine Beecher† who fought for the women to be educated; she played a large role in the women’s progress in terms of education (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). In addition to that, she was married to an equally brilliant individual and popular named, â€Å"Calvin Stowe† at the age of twenty five (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She had seven children with this co-teacher of hers (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She attended the â€Å"Hartford Female Academy† to complete her education (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). This is the same school that her sister, â€Å"Catherine Beecher† instituted when â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† was only twelve years old (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). In school, she was described as â€Å"absent-minded, moody, and weird†, however, she was also known as extremely intelligent and that she was exceedingly good in writing (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). When â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† turned twenty one, she went to teach in â€Å"Cincinnati† at the â€Å"Western Female Institute†, another learning institution that her sister established (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). Together with her sister, Catherine, she wrote and published â€Å"Geography for Children† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). This same year, she has also been awarded with for an article she wrote and published in the â€Å"Western Monthly Magazine† entitled, â€Å"New England Sketch† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). At the age of thirty nine, she had already accomplished a book, entitled, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She turned extremely famous in 1851, just a year after she has written the aforementioned book (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). In addition to the aforementioned, what made her more famous is the fact that she delivered speeches with regards to oppression/slavery that occurs in the United States, as well as, in the United Kingdom (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). When some of her critics declared that the contents of â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was not genuine, she rose up to the challenge and wrote another book entitled, â€Å"Dred† five years after the publication of â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). While she was busy delivering speeches about slavery, she also had her writings published in a journal known as â€Å"The National Era† that even the president, â€Å"Abraham Lincoln† acknowledged her brilliance and fame by saying, â€Å"So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). Back then, she was not only the â€Å"most famous† writer, she was also known to be the â€Å"highest paid† one (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 1896 n. p. ). She died in July 1, 1896 in Hartford, CT (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). However, she left with so many contributions to the world of literature including the following works: â€Å"1) The Mayflower: or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters Among the Descendants of the Pilgrims; 2) Uncle Tom’s Cabin; 3) The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin; 4) Sunny Memoirs of Foreign Lands; 5) Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp; 6) the Minister’s Wooing; 7) The Pearl of Orr’s Island; 8) Agnes of Sorrento; 9) House and Home Papers; 10) Little Foxes; 11) Religious Poems; 12) the Chimney Corner; 12) Men of our Times; 13) Old Town Folks; 14) The True Story of Lord Byron’s Life; 15) Lady Byron Vindicated; 16) Little Pussy Willow; 17) Pink and White Tyranny: A Society Novel; 18) Old Town Fireside Stories; 19) My Wife and I: or, Harry Henderson’s History; 20) Sam Lawson’s Oldtown Fireside Stories; 21) Woman in Sacred History; 22) Palmetto Leaves; 23) We and Our Neighbors; 24) Betty’s Bright Idea; 25) Captain Kidd’s Money and Other Stories; 26) Footsteps of the Master; 27) Bible Heroines; 28) Poqanuc People; 29) A Dog’s Mission; 30) The Poor Life; 31) the Writings; and 32) Regional Sketches† (Hedrick 3 398). Furthermore, she left with a good name (Fritz 5 – 144). The author in question played a large role as a â€Å"social reformer, philanthropist, and author†; she fought for the â€Å"African Americans† and everyone else who were victims of oppression and slavery (Fritz 5 – 144). Upon meeting slaves who were able to escape, she immediately wrote articles and actually published them; through these many people â€Å"will wake up† in the years to come (Fritz 5 – 144). If she had not started upholding such rights of the slaves and people who were oppressed, it would not have been pushed by others and slavery would still have been in its worse today (Fritz 5 – 144). During her time, the â€Å"Fugitive Slave Act† has been enacted (Fritz 5 – 144). This law made it unlawful for other individuals to help out slaves who escaped (Fritz 5 – 144). What â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† did was to send a letter to a colleague and â€Å"abolitionist leader† named â€Å"Frederick Douglass† (Fritz 5 – 144). Here, she sought for an advice with regards to her articles on oppression/slavery (Fritz 5 – 144). Fortunately during this time she also had the opportunity to make her voice heard and so what she did was to discuss her writings especially with regards to slavery to help other individuals become well informed and to inspire them to help her out with her advocacies/fight (Fritz 5 – 144). On a final note, â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† is a famous author who played a large role in addressing the problem on slavery in the United States and the United Kingdom through her works and delivered speeches (Fritz 5 – 144). Works Cited Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896. n. d. n. a. 18 November 2008. http://americancivilwar. com/women/hbs. html Fritz, Jean. Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Beecher Preachers (Unforgettable Americans). NY: Putnam Juvenile, 1998. Hedrick, Joan. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Lakewood Public Library. Harriet Beecher Stowe. n. d. n. a. 18 November 2008. http://www. lkwdpl. org/wihohio/stow-har. htm

Total viable count

Total viable count Microbiology practical: Total and viable counts of microorganisms Abstract: Introduction: Total and viable counts of microorganisms There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Total Cell counting is used Viable counting are used Details of uses of cell counting, including their advantages and disadvantages. There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Include other methods and include references to your source Brief detail of your actual experiment, mentioning the organism and which techniques will be used Total Viable Count This involves counting the colonies produced by viable cells under favourable growth conditions. In pour-plate method, an aliquot of suitably diluted sample is mixed with nutrient agar at a temperature where it is liquid. Then the mixture is poured into petridishes and allowed to set. Alternatively an aliquot of the sample is spread over the agar surface of a Petridis using a sterile spreader. Membrane filters can also be used to determine the bacterial numbers. In this method cells are filtered onto membrane filter which is then placed over nutrient agar surface. Total Cell Count The most common method of enumerating the total microbial cells is the direct counting of cell suspension in a counting chamber of known volume using a microscope. One such counting chamber is Neubauer counting chamber. Another method involves an electronic instrument, Coulter counter. http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/aquatic-environment-microbiology/total-cell-count.htm http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon//biol4038.htm http://www.rapidmicrobiology.com/test-methods/Total-Viable-Count.php http://www.biochemj.org/bj/021/0104/0210104.pdf Materials and methods: 1 ) A pour plate method using viable count: Explain the procedure where cells crosses gridlines of the haemocytometer Discussion In this discussion you should discuss the errors associated with measurement of viability. Discuss ways of improving the experiment and whether this could be achieved with the material provided The experiment could be improved by: Transferring the diluted solution quicker to the agar plate, so that the plate will not get contaminated by the air. The experiment could be repeated more than 3 times for a reliable test The main source of error occurred during experiment was leaving the agar plate lid open to transfer the dilutions for a long time which could of contaminated the agar plate by air. (Madigan, 2009) Reference: Madigan, M. C. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition ed.). San Francisco: Pearson international Education.

Australian Broadcasting Commission Essay -- Media

INTRODUCTION ABC is an acronym referring to the Australian Broadcasting Commission established in 1932 and undertook its first radio broadcast on 1 July that 1932. Television broadcasting took place in 1956 and its independent incorporation was in 1983. The SBS refers to the Special Broadcasting Service took its operations first in 1975 and 1980 saw its first television broadcasting. It however became fully incorporated in 1991 as an independent broadcasting corporation. The ABC and SBS became statutory broadcasting bodies that were established through legislation through the ABS and SBS charters. The two charters provides for the specific functions and roles to be played by ABC and SBS. The ABC Charter for instance provides that the ABC should ensure that it provides innovative and comprehensive and innovative services in broadcasting. They should also ensure that in their provision of high standards of entertainment they maintain and reflect the diversity of Australia’s culture and Australian community. Moreover it is mandated to provide educational programs in nature to ensure promotion of musical, performing arts and drama of the Australian people and transmit it to other countries. The role of dissemination of information on news, current affairs and entertainment should be for encouragement of awareness of Australia’s understanding of world affairs and attitudes. The provision of multilingual and multicultural radio broadcasting forms part of the SBS Charter in its role as a national broadcaster. It goes on to provide that television services should be created to inform, educate and entertain all Australians and should seek to reflect Australia’s multicultural society . Moreover specific functions include, contributing ... ...leem, Saed, and Stephen Shellhammer. TV White Space Sectrum Technologies. Florida: CRC Press, 2011. Campbell, Dennis. International Securities Law and regulations. Sydney: York Hill Law, 2007. Conroy, Stephen. ABS and SBS. Australian Government, Sydney: Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, 2008. Digital Broadcasting Australia. "SBS chooses 720p High Definition." Digital Broadcasting Australia. Sydney, December 14th, 2006. Grant, Alsadai. Australian Telecommunications Regulation Communications Law Centre. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2004. Murray, Lisa. "SBS caves in over ad breaks." The Sydney Morning Herald, June 2, 2006. Pan, Hui. Asia-Pacific Telecom Monthly Newsletter. Boston: Information Gatekeeper Inc, 2010. Stuart, Cunningham, and Graeme Turner. The Media and Communications in Australia. Singapore: KHL Printing Company Ltd, 2010.

The Negative Impact of Industrialization on Children in Mahews The Watercress Girl :: Watercress Girl Essays

The Negative Impact of Industrialization on Children in Mahew's The Watercress Girl The age of Industrialization brought about many enlightening changes to urban society. The technical innovations of the machine age and the inventions of mass transit (railroad) brought people in droves to the cities, forcing crowded unsanitary conditions. The increased need for workers put women and children into the workforce, providing cheap labor, but resulting in inhumane working conditions and "some of the worst evils of the factory system, [in which] workers, including children, toiled for up to sixteen hours a day, six days a week, under inhuman conditions: deafening noise, poor ventilation, dangerous machinery..." (Longman, p. 1818). Even though the industrial revolution brought about more jobs, "periodic economic depressions resulted in unemployment." (Longman, p. 1819) The suffering of the children was by far the worst of society's ills. Henry Mahew's four volume "London Labour and the London Poor" (1851) depicts the plight of the common people in the aftermath of the industrialization of London's society. He interviewed hundreds of London's poor and gave voice to the forgotten workers, particularly the children, who earned meager subsistence from "hawking goods, begging, performing, and providing various services, from running errands to prostitution." (Longman, p. 1838) "The Watercress Girl" is an account from Henry Mahew's four volume works. It symbolizes the harsh reality of child labor and the pathetic conditions in which many of the poor lived. The watercress girl, as many of the urban poor children, had lived in her short life such conditions as to virtually have no childhood. She skipped those years and went straight into womanhood, by virtue of all that she had done and seen, "..although only eight years of age, had entirely lost all childish ways, and was, indeed, in thoughts and manner, a woman." (Longman, p. 1838) Other references indicate that she was far beyond her years, that the life she had led thus far had aged her considerably, "her little face, pale and thin with privation, was wrinkled where the dimples ought to have been, and she would sigh frequently." (Longman, p. 1838) The children of this time did not have the leisure to enjoy their youth. Hard times, starvation, crowded conditions prevented children from their inherent right to youth. Frequently, children too young to work in the factories took care of even younger children, "before that, I had to take care of a baby for my aunt.

The appeal of Chopin’s The Story of An Hour

The appeal of Chopin’s The Story of An Hour, for me, is the its surprise ending. Its unexpectedness is further heightened by the quiet start of the plot and the gradual build-up towards what the reader thinks would be a predictable ending, only for the writer to take everything away from the heroine—and from the reader, too. Chopin uses Mrs. Mallard’s point of view so we experience the narrative through her. When the story opens, we learn of Mr.Mallard’s death but this fact is only hinted at. Later on, we join her in her grief, from the weeping â€Å"with sudden abandonment† to the intermittent sobbing that finally puts her sleep. When she awakes, Mrs. Mallard feels an emotion she could not place, and the reader begins to be as bewildered as she is. Chopin describes this yet unnamed sensation with metaphors such as stating how â€Å"her bosom rose and fell† until the exclamatory exclamation of â€Å"free, free, free! We exalt with her realiz ation and sympathize as she describes how she felt repressed in her marriage.However, this joy is short-lived when she sees her husband—alive after all. There is the suspenseful moment filling three paragraphs of her sister knocking hard upon the door. Chopin waits until the final paragraph to spring her surprise so that we also share in Mrs. Mallard’s shock and simply gape in disbelief when we read the final line describing how Mrs. Mallard â€Å"had died of heart disease—of joy that kills. †

Embers Essay

In the play â€Å"Embers† Campion Decent gives the audience the opportunity to simultaneously react to the plays events intellectually, and to experience the characters emotional connection between themselves and the community. â€Å"Embersâ€Å" demonstrates how a community can support each other in the aftermath of a natural disaster. This is clearly shown through verbatim stories of different characters such as Keith, the RC ladies and at the end different characters coming together as one and retelling their stories. To a large extent the representation of community is shown through a range of techniques used throughout the play. In addition it’s supported by quotes directly from audio recordings of Campion Decent himself. In the play the importance of community involvement is demonstrated when Keith breaks down under the pressure of fighting fires. Keith reacts by being stubborn about the situation when a young CFA worker lost his cool during the fires. The use of idiom â€Å"lost it† and the imperative form repetition of â€Å"hose the prick down† (page 77-78) is used as Keith gives a sense of authority and urgency in a brutal and direct order giving the kid no concessions because he is young. Keith is adamant that he will not go home as he repeats â€Å"I won’t leave because it my area, it’s my fire and I won’t leave† and the repetition of personal pronouns reinforces that he is in charge when he says â€Å"That’s my area. They vote me in as captain. My responsibility to stay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows that he is captain and under the pressure of controlling the fires in his area. The strong connection between the community and individuals is reinforced when Keith shows that he doesn’t want to let him community down, yet it is his community members can see that he has ‘lost it’ and needs a rest. The irony is that he cannot see that the members of the community are trying to help him by sending a priest and counsellor. This emphasises that belonging to a community provides him support, solace and assistance in times of hardship. In the audio recordings of Campion Decent, it mentions that Campion interviewed a volunteer fire fighter of about forty years experience. Decent states that â€Å"†¦tears began to roll down his face (referring to the experienced fire fighter)†¦ he had been quite jovial†¦ the tears began†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That interview, as well as Keith’s story reinforces that the community is connected by individuals who sacrificed so much to preserve the community’s existence. Throughout the play an importance is placed on how great it is to be Australian and how Australians come together in times of need. In the last scene people talk about their impressions and experiences, of what they saw, felt and how they dealt with the fire as a community. Noel Hodda in the ABC interview states â€Å"what it does this play†¦ it draws all the strings of different lives and community together and it shows how we as Australians in a large community and a small community are always ready to step up and give each other a hand†. This imagery reinforces the positives about being an Australian, which means being there for someone in need and coming together as one and helping each other, further showing the connection between individual and community. A technique used in this scene is when the D/farmer uses the idiom â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel†. This symbolism is used to show that when they went through the difficult stage of dealing with the fire that there is sign of hope in the future. Graham also states that at the end of the day â€Å"you can be knocked down, kicked around, and everything run over the top of ya†. This supports the idea that there is always someone there that will give you a hand, which reinforces the importance of the interconnection between individuals and their community. Another representation of community is shown through the individuality of the RC ladies who come together as one and help assist the community by providing meals for the workers. This is seen in the quote â€Å"RC Lady 1 â€Å"And we were told to feed CFA but –â€Å" RC Lady 2 â€Å"We fed ‘em all† †¦ RC Lady 3 â€Å"We were told by them they were professionals† †. The short sentence dialogue, spoken by the RC ladies, reinforces that there is a lot of individual opinions in the group. However they all have the one idea and come together as a community in supporting and assisting everyone who needs help. This is further reinforced by the repetition of the reference to the community group as â€Å"we†. The sense of irony in the quote â€Å"and we had complaints that they were putting on weight† brings in a sense of humour and shows how well the RC ladies have banded together to fed the workers. Campion Decent states in the recordings â€Å"For me it’s about the human experience and how people navigate themselves through an event of such extreme nature†. This reinforces to the audience that through the hard times every person experienced the extreme nature of the fires together as a community and survived. Throughout the play, â€Å"Embers†, a powerful connection between the community and its individuals is successfully conveyed. This is shown through an exploration of how belonging to a community provides support, solace and assistance in times of hardship, how Australian individuals come together to assist others in times of need. This supported through the use of various techniques throughout the play also by the quotes directly from audio recordings of Campion Decent.

Pramoedya Anata Toer Essay

Inem, is a short story written by Pramoedya Anata Toer. He was a Indonesian short story writter and a novel writer, born in a village called Blora. Blora was the village in short story where (Gus Muk), his mom, and Inems family lived in. The author refers to his culture and events about his life in the story. His father in real life is a activist who ruined his family by obsessive gambling. Pramoedya writes alot of Indonesian literature. The aspects of culture in â€Å"Inem,† is the tradition of child marriages. In some parts of the world child marriages was a tradition. Girls at a young age were supposed to marry an older boy. The story also shows the reader some of the cultural aspects such as popular entertainment and dances in her area. The characters in the story are, Gus Muk (age6) a boy, also the narrator who basically trails Inems life. Inems father who is a criminal and gambles alot, her mother who lives off batik work and helps the family, and Markaban (age17) who is Inem’s husband. Lastly theres Inem (age 8) a so called beatiful girl in the neighbor hood who had great manners. Inem is in search of happiness with her new life and husband but ends up being a beaten divorcee. Overview/summary It’s a story told in second person perspective about a beautiful young girl (Inem) who is a servant to a boy (Gus Muk) and his mother. In the story Inem is so beautiful and respectful and able to do many things but is only eight years old and Gus Muk is six. Eventually her mother found a man named, Markaban who is seventeen years old. Her mom did not want to let this marriage go so she wants Inem to get married so she can help her familly at home. Inems family and the husband family both accept the marriage. Inem’s father was a criminal who robbed people in the forest, but was never arrested. Inems mother had a talk with Gus Muk’s mother to try and get her to come home. The boys mother disapproves of the marriage and does not want Inem to go on with this. Gus Muk’s mom said † It’s not right to make children mary repeatedly.† Inems mother said that it would be a shame for her not to be married at such a old age. Inem was later taken home to prepare for her wedding day. Gus Muk’s mom did not want him playing with Inem but that did not stop him from going over to play. The day before the wedding Gus Muk sent her family five kilos of rice and twenty-five cents as a gift. The day of her wedding came, and everything was going well, the house was decorated, the tajuban dancing girls was the entertainment, and finally Inem and her husband get married. Inem was officially married and worked with her mom making batik. Every night Gus Muk and his mother listen to screaming and crying when Inems husband wrestles with her. She comes crying to Gus Muks mom and tells her that Markaban beats her and she tells her to go back home and serve Markaban faithfully. Inem comes back again but finally divorced with her husband, and asks if Gus Muks mother can taker her back, but Gus Muks mom denies her request and sends her back home. Inem gets beaten by anyone who wanted to, her family and neighbors could because she was a burden to the family. Although she cries and screams she never came back to Gus Muk’s house.

War and Peace

1310 10/17/12 War War is inevitable when disasters exist, but can sometimes be avoidable when conflicting over cultural matters. Primarily, it is in man’s best interest to provide for himself and his family. Those are his two biggest priorities. When any kind of disaster occurs, he must first look after himself and his family before ensuring the safety of others. A civilization works in the same way. Its goal is to carry out the way of life of the people and ensure that it survives. It will fail to reach that goal if the people in the civilization aren’t willing to fight for themselves and what they believe in.If some kind of natural calamity strikes or an outside power that is willing to kill moves in and violently forces its own laws, traditions, and customs, the people must take appropriate actions or face the downfall of their own kind. They must fight to preserve their customs and traditions, or move to another place to live. Now if the intruding invader has any co ncern for the people, but still desires to enforce their laws upon them, non-violence can be used. Non-violence can only be an alternative to war if the force they are fighting against is non-violent.Otherwise, it will only get trampled upon by a violent, oppressive force. In order for a civilization to survive, it must have an adequate supply of resources for its people. A civilization’s supply of resources can easily be depleted by drought, famine, floods, disease and many other natural disasters. When this happens, the civilization must find a way to solve this problem. If a solution can’t be found while staying in the area, they must find another place to live, but that comes with risks. Going out and searching for a new place is very dangerous and many people may die.Another option the impoverished group of people might take would be to seek help to a nearby but separate establishment. This puts the struggling group in the hands of the healthy one. It is then up t o the healthy group to decide if they are going to share their resources or deny it to them. The denial of aide will displease the struggling group and they might have to turn to violence to protect their people. This is because no compromise can be made and both groups are looking out for themselves. Humanity’s natural instinct o survive is the primary reason why violent wars are inevitable. As I have mentioned before, a civilization’s goal is to do anything they can to ensure the prominence and survival of their culture. The Crusades of the middle-ages are a perfect example of acting out on this cultural pride. In 1071, the Catholic Church had previously lost access of the Holy Lands to the Turks. They make a comeback in 1095, at the main series of the Crusades. A lot of conflict and fighting occurred at this time and lasted until 1291.Due to the reason they were fighting, war could have easily been avoidable. The Christians and the Muslims weren’t necessarily fighting for resources, but for the right to own the Holy Lands. The reason both religions wanted it was because both had ties to it. Since they weren’t fighting for resources, they should have been able to share the land without bloodshed. Both should have been able to exist with each other without conflict. Non-violence can be an alternative to war, but only if the people’s lives are a factor in the opposing force’s power.When the British were controlling their colonies in India, they were imposing taxes and trade. The British were using India for its own economic benefits. If the British started killing off the Indians, then there wouldn’t be anybody to pay them their taxes, not to mention it could start a war neither party could afford or want. Even if the British decided to get violent against the resistance, non-violence would have still been effective. This is because the British would use violence to induce fear, but at a cost.Since the British e conomy is dependent on the population of the people, they would actually damage themselves if they were to kill. When people are faced with the options to either fight or die because of competition over resources, they will chose to fight and war will occur. Some wars and conflicts in the past could have been avoided because both parties were intolerant of each other but wanted the same land. In this case, conflict should never have happened, and compromise should have been the solution.

Business Operations of Material Handling

This study provides an outline of a research project aiming to assess as well as manage risks associated with the operations of material handling system in the business context. Thus, this study provides brief outline of the research problem along with establishing research aim and objectives. Moreover, this study also illustrates a brief idea regarding the methodologies to be used in the project. The major aim of this research is to assess as well as manage risks associated with the business operations of the Material Handling systems. The major objectives associated with this research are to To assess the risks associated with the business operations of MHS To explore the strategies through the issues with MHS can be addressed To demonstrate how the risk management plan of MHS mitigate the business issues Data collection methodology can be termed as the procedure to collect and measure data over the targeted variables in a systematic manner. Data Collection Methods can be classified into two groups such as Primary and Secondary Data Collection Methods (Mackey & Gass, 2015). Primary Data Collection technique deals with conducting questionnaires, interviews or surveys with a small group of individuals. Moreover, Secondary Data Collection methods utilize the past researches to gather data from several sources such as articles, peer-reviewed journals and others (Chang et al., 2013). However, Primary Data Collection technique would be utilized by conducting survey among near about 50 employees who are associated with the manufacturing of MHS. Data Analysis method is the technique of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the aim to support decision-making, discover helpful details and suggest conclusions. Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis techniques are two major categories of Data Analysis methodology (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). Qualitative Data Analysis technique is the range of processes whereby researcher moves from the data gathered into some forms of explanation, understanding or interpretation of investigated scenarios (Flick, 2015). Furthermore, Quantitative Data Analysis is such a systematic way of investigation strategies during collecting numerical data, which allows researcher transforming what is noticed within the numerical data. This, quantitative data analysis method would be selected for analyzing the numerical data gathered from survey conducted among 50 employees who are associated with the manufacturing of MHS. Appropriate Research Technique Selection Analysis and Interpretation of Data Collection method After outlining the research proposal, it can be stated that the risks associated with the operations of MHS would be assessed and managed properly based on this outline. Moreover, this risk assessment and management would also help the researcher to resolve the business issues with MHS. Chang, Q., Pan, C., Xiao, G., & Biller, S. (2013). Integrated modeling of automotive assembly line with material handling.  Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,  135(1), 011018. Ezema, C. N., Okafor, E. C., & Okezie, C. C. (2016). Industrial Design and Simulation of a JIT Material Handling System.  European Journal of Engineering Research and Science,  1(6), 52-57. Fekete, P., Lim, S., Martin, S., Kuhn, K., & Wright, N. (2015). Combined Energy and Process Simulation to Foster Efficiency in Non-automated Material Handling System Design.  Studies in Engineering and Technology,  3(1), 28-39. Felshin, M., Frenkel, I., & Khvatskin, L. (2016, February). Availability and Unloading Capacity Assessment of Multi-state Material Handling System, Operate in a Stochastic Environment and Material Handling Stochastic Demand. In  Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO), 2016 Second International Symposium on  (pp. 357-364). IEEE. Flick, U. (2015).  Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015).  Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Midday, J., Nelson, C. A., & Oleynikov, D. (2013). Improvements in robotic natural orifice surgery with a novel material handling system.  Surgical endoscopy,  27(9), 3474-3477. Padole, A. K. G. S. (2014). DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DUMP VALVE IN ASH HANDLING SYSTEM USING PRO-E AND ANSYS SOFTWARE.  International Journal of Innovation in Engineering Research and Management ISSN 2348-4918, ISO 2000-9001 certified, E,  1(2), 1-7. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015).  Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons. Wang, C. N., Lin, H. S., Hsu, H. P., Wang, Y. H., & Chang, Y. P. (2016, April). The Preemptive Stocker Dispatching Rule of Automatic Material Handling System in 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Factories. In  Journal of Physics: Conference Series  (Vol. 710, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.

JURNAL 4 + 5 ( Marketing subject ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JURNAL 4 + 5 ( Marketing subject ) - Assignment Example The new 2010 GLK is positioned as an affordable and reliable SUV in the economic situation that everyone faces. The demographics of the city offer the best audience for the SUV as the populations’ age, income are the qualities that the Mercedes-Benz 2010 GLK positions to target. The Denver Post is the most read newspaper in Denver. By placing the advertisement in Denver Post, the company wishes to target all the young as well as adult females and males who wish to drive affordable cars in style. The 2010 GLK is being advertised not by the Mercedes-Benz showrooms but by a retail/used cars importer called Murray Motor Imports. The advertisement is black and white and uses simple bold writing style giving much detail of the vehicle as possible. The black and white advertisement is usually perceived by the readers as dull and boring. The writing style of the advertisement uses one font with different font sizes which is plain not very attractive. The advertisement has one 2010 GLK image with a bold tagline. The advertisement is flat with no vibrant features and no scenario that could best represent the SUV. No logo of the Mercedes-Benz company or the Murray Motor Imports has been used except for the name of the latter company. The advertisement is basically placed to introduce the new SUV at the lowest rates that the company has to offer in competition with other retail car outlets in the area. The objective of the advertisement is to attract the potential customers to the showroom so that they can come and have a look at the new SUV. In order to catch the attention of target audience, Murray Motor Imports is offering various promotional offers such as a free test drive. In addition to this, the company is offering an attractive lease rate to lure in customers. Another offer used by the company to attract the customers is a lucky draw for a shopping spree. All these marketing offers are aimed to the target audience of 2010 GLK

Air Traffic Monitoring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Air Traffic Monitoring - Assignment Example This is in contrast to the seven-day average for this flight of departure time at 13:34 EST and arrival time at 14:32 EST. Similar delays in departure time from point of origin and arrival time were experienced by the other incoming flights. At the time of this monitoring, KLGA was performing approximately twenty-eight arrivals per hour. Departures from LaGuadia were also experiencing significant delays due to weather and delayed incoming planes. For example, a flight from KLGA to Port Columbus International scheduled to depart at 15:35 EST did not leave the airport until 17:10 EST. At the time of this monitoring, KLGA was performing approximately thirty-one departures per hour. Flights leaving KLGA were subject to low instrument flight rules, due to visibility under one mile and/or a cloud ceiling under 500 feet. Wind direction was 40 degrees and was measured between 17 and 21 knots on the day of monitoring. Flights had been under low instrument flight rules since 6:49 EST, prior to which they were under instrument flight rules, with visibility of 1-3 miles and/or a cloud ceiling between 500 and 1000 feet.

Cybersecurity Best Practices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cybersecurity Best Practices - Assignment Example The safety of one’s computer, network or personal information need to be protected by viruses, identity thieves, malware and any other form of threat. The steps to be taken to protect the above and safeguard personal systems shall be addressed in relation to two case studies analysed herein. Upon receiving a new computer for the home environment, it is necessary to ensure this system is as secure as possible. Both the computer and the home network need to be protected from viruses, hackers and malware. The home network should be guarded from external threats because it is used to perform sensitive transactions such as online banking services, online shopping among others that may require one to share private information. It is this information that hackers seek access to, in order to attempt to steal a person’s identity and use their credit card information or bank details, for example, to access the victim’s finances. In addition to numerous security tools and programs that one can install into their computer and use to keep the system secure, it is advisable to take an interest in hacking methods, so that one knows when their system is under threat. It is due to this type of negligence that many victims fail to prepare themselves properly in case of an attack. This lack of preparedness has also seen efforts to recover from cyber-attacks rendered ineffective. Such information can be found online in trusted websites, with training on the latest hacking methods and scams being identified and addressed. It is therefore important for individuals to take up some time and learn about hacking and methods of countering the same. In order to secure this type of network, the following steps should be undertaken. The setting up of a home network has the advantage that an individual can have access to the internet from any point within the premises either

Personal Criminological Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Criminological Theory - Term Paper Example To my mind, these factors are of crucial importance. Even if a person does not have in-born factors influencing on his deviant behavior in the future, people around him may reshape his way of life. At this point I would focus my attention on districts, where poor people leave. Another determinant factor, suggested by the Chicago School is appearance of a potential criminal (Garland & Sparks, 2000). Physiology of criminals may be differentiated from physiology of non-criminals. It is claimed further on that the abovementioned factors are relevant both to differentiate criminals from poor people and from a more privileged class. In the modern context it is relevant to analyze behavior of potential criminals among white-collar workers. Still, a growing number of crimes among criminals from poor families cannot be denied. Why people commit crimes? Therefore, I would collect data about potential criminals basing on their environment and their appearance. Under unfavorable social condition s, it is hard for a weak-willed person to stay aside. There are exceptions from this rule, when in the family of alcoholics are good children, but it is a small per cent of such kind of cases. There are two basic assumptions: crime is inherited in the society; the roots of crime are in unfavorable environment and among socially degraded people (Biglan, 1995). Referring to the modern statistical data of a number of crimes, it is relevant to focus on the percentage of criminals, who live in the suburbs. Then, it is possible to choose some of them at random and look at their environment and families. It is also necessary to talk about personal concerns of a criminal, who committed a crime. It is very important to see whether he protected his own interests or acted and followed his closest social group. In case a criminal’s actions are not unintentional, then we can refer to Larry Cohen and Marcus Felson (1979), who suggested that the closest environment of a potential criminal d irects his further actions (Kraska & Neumann, 2008). For some criminals there is no need to work, it is the easiest way to reach a goal if to commit a crime. Having committed numerous crimes, potential criminals develop their inner deviant behavior. Therefore, to my mind, a crime should be considered not as a spontaneous social phenomenon, but as an outcome of social challenges (joblessness, divorce, neighborhood etc). Still, if I had to develop my personal criminological theory in the modern context, I would refer to Routine activity theory. There is a growth of crimes among businessmen, white-collar workers and other â€Å"not-degraded† individuals. It never occurred in earlier years that upper layers of the society had committed so many crimes, as they do now. It is a new form of deviant behavior. Still, I would focus on environmental, biological and psychological concerns in this case as well. A potential criminal form a privileged family, supposedly, found the roots of h is further criminal behavior among his family members or his closest environment (Williams and McShane, 2009). So, I would like to focus on some cases of white-collar crimes and consider environment of a criminal in details. Conclusion The modern globalized world with an overall hazard of potential terroristic attacks makes people more hostile and they neglect morals and laws. Consequently, in spite of different social theories directed on deviant behavior exploration, there are no effective

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Project - Assignment Example The Agile method was developed to provide solutions to the shortcomings of the waterfall methodology. It gives a project an incremental approach as opposed to a sequential one (Measey and Berridge, 39). Developers begin with a simplified design for the project and then proceed to work on the small modules. Developers work on these modules either in weekly sprints or in monthly sprints. When each sprint ends, the developers evaluate the priorities of the project and run tests. The option to work in sprints gives developers the ability to incorporate feedback from the customer into the project’s design before they begin another sprint. The Agile methodology can be applied in our individual project because it is flexible and allows for changes in the design after the completion of the initial plans. With this method, we can also incorporate additional features by introducing new technology into the project (Measey and Berridge, 44). Agile also allows for thorough testing of the

Final two pages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final two pages - Assignment Example Composition entailed the application of the visual elements to produce a frame that is consistent with the entire continuity. The story is about a student who attends a school in which he has to sit for the entry examinations. He failed the first exam, which forced him to create a pill that shall assist in mutation and the development of a photographic memory. This would allow the student to memorize the contents of the entire book in order to correctly answer the examination questions. As a result, the student manages to attain an A grade in the examination, leading to his admission in the school. The film further expounds on the concept and applications of mutation in academics and other fields. This exposes the negative aspects of mutations in the real world that people use in their fields. The materials and methods I used to create the visuals and narrative involved lighting, characters, tables, pictures and figures. It was appropriate to use the images in order to make the audience become interactive with the topic. The sub-titles were used to guide the audience and emphasized on the illustration of plot development. It is apparent that the materials enable the audience to relate to the topic for easy understanding of the different terms. For instance, the pictures had to be accurate for the message to be easily conveyed without causing confusions. The mutation topic requires the real usage of concepts since it is a biological process that people experience. The message of the film is that mutation is the solution of evolution. This implies that if it can be controlled, then a better human race can be developed. Mutation has enabled the production of things that people use for various purposes and this needs control. This message of the film is significant in order to educate people on how mutation contributes to evolution. The process and viewing of the film informed my understanding of cell biology since it deepened my

Achievements of Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 Essay

Achievements of Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 - Essay Example There are considerable reforms which have been achieved in law of mortgages after the introduction of the Land and Conveying Law Reform 20091. The land reforms were occasioned by the need to modernize the property law to adhere with the current social, economic and demographic changes. Another objective was to simplify the law and make it more accessible and understood. Much of the property law on conveying had been governed by laws that were enacted in 19th century thus most of the rules and principles were obsolete. The areas which were covered in the consultations include estates in land, mortgages, future interests, contracts for the sale of land and conveyances, settlements and trusts. The Act provided repeal of the enactments which were considered obsolete depending on the modern circumstances and modernization of the land in regard to lis pendens with the amendment of the registration of deeds and Title Acts of both 1964 and 20062. The Act came in to force on 1st December 2009 with the exception of Section 132 which deals with rent reviews which came in force on 28th February 2010. The Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 provides inter alia for the amendments of law dealing with the review of rents and variation of the trusts. The Act makes an inclusive definition of land whereby land is defined as any estate or interest over the land whether corporeal or incorporeal. Land also includes land covered by water, buildings, structures, mines, minerals, and airspace which is above the surface of the land or any structures. The Act also expands the definition of â€Å"incumbrance† to include any charge, lien, mortgage, portion, annuity and trust securing capital sum or annual sum3. The land reforms comprise the fundamental reforms of Irish Land law since 19th century. The Act has simplified the registration of Land and mortgages by providing e-conveyancing. The Act has abolished the vestiges of feudal tenure that may be surviving in the modern era but has retained the estates doctrine with amendments so as to ensure only two legal estates of land can exist in Irish Law. The two estates include the leasehold estate and freehold estate of a fee simple in possession4. The principle that contracts must be evidenced by writing has been rested in modern and simple language and the minimum period for production of a good root of title has been minimized from 40 years to 15 years. The deeds which may be executed by individuals no longer require as seal but must be executed in a valid manner since there must be two witnesses to attest their signatures. The Act has recognized the deeds that may be executed by foreign-registered companies if done according to the foreign law applicable for the particular company. Another major simplification is provision fro the application of the rules of notice of the Act if instruments such as mortgages omit the provisions and rules of serving a notice including the criteria of serving the notice th rough e-commerce or facsimile machine5. The law has brought important changes since it is no longer possible to sever a joint tenancy. Since all the tenants must either consent to the severance or a court procedure must follow where the consent is not possible to obtain. Accordingly, registration of any mortgage against the interest of the joint tenant will not sever the joint tenancy. However, if such mortgage remains unsevered, the judgment mortgage will only extinguish after the death of the judgment debtor. The law has made it possible for freehold covenants created since it came in force to be enforced against successors in title of the original covenantor. The rule of Tulk v Moxhay which allowed negative covenants to bind the successors has been abolished by

History of Federation of Malaya Essay Example for Free

History of Federation of Malaya Essay The Federation of Malaya (Malay: Persekutuan Tanah Melayu) is the name given to a federation of 11 states (nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca) that existed from 1 February 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957. It was reconstituted as Malaysia with the addition in 1963 of Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak. History After World War 2, the British came again to Malaya and Britain suggested the formation of the Malayan Union. Malayan Union not only took away the power of the Malays over their nation, but also the rights that belong to the Malays. Then, the people of Malayan Union started to realise that their country has to be ruled by their own people and not to be ruled by other people of other nations. Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states in 1st of February 1948. The British government and Malaya leaders signing the agreement of establishing Federation of Malaya at King’s House, Kuala Lumpur. Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections with Malaya. The Federation achieved independence within the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as Malaysia when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and British North Borneo (renamed Sabah); the latter territory was claimed to be a part of the Sultanate of Sulu. Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Agreement of Federation The Federation of Malaya Agreement was formulated by the British–Malay Pleno Conference between June and December 1946. At the end of the meeting, the Pleno Conference produced a 100-page Blue Book. The Federation of Malaya Agreement was signed on 21 January 1948 at King House by the Malay rulers, and by Sir Edward Gent as the representative of the British government. The Agreement superseded the Agreement creating the Malayan Union, and prepared for the establishment of the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948. The position of the Malay rulers was also restored. As with the Malayan Union, the Federation excluded Singapore, despite its traditional links to Malaya. List of member states * Johore * Kedah * Kelantan * Malacca * Negeri Sembilan * Pahang * Penang * Perak * Perlis * Selangor * Terengganu System of Government The government of the Federation of Malaya was headed by a British High Commissioner with executive powers, assisted and advised by the Federation of Malaya Executive Council and the Federation of Malaya Legislative Council. * The Federation of Malaya Executive Council comprised 7 official and 7 unofficial members. The Federation of Malaya Legislative Council comprised the High Commissioner as the Council President, 14 official and 50 unofficial members representing the Straits Settlements, business groups and all races. Additionally, 9 State Council Yang Di Pertua (heads of state), Chief Ministers and 2 representatives from the Straits Settlements became unofficial members. * The Malay Conference of Rulers would advise the High Commissioner on immigration issues. The British Resident was replaced with a Chief Minister in each state of the federation. Conditions of citizenship The conditions of citizenship of the Federation of Malaya were further tightened using law enforcement and naturalization by application. Under the laws, the following were automatically granted citizenship: 1. Citizens of the Sultan of any state 2. British citizens born in Penang or Malacca who have lived continuously for 15 years in the federation 3. British citizens born in the federation whose fathers were born or lived continuously for 15 years in the federation 4. Anyone born in the federation, conversant in the Malay language and following Malay traditions in his or her daily life 5. Anyone born in the federation whose parents were born and lived continuously for 15 years in the federation Via naturalization (by application), one could achieve citizenship, given these criteria: 1. Born and lived for at least 8 of 12 years in the Federation of Malaya before the application was made 2. Lived in the Federation of Malaya for at least 15 of 20 years before the application was made In both cases (via naturalization), applications must be well-behaved, swear allegiance and clarify their reasons for living in the federation, and are fluent in either the Malay or the English language. The Federation of Malaya, through its constitution, guarantees the rights and special position of the Malay people as well as rights, powers and sovereignty of the Malay rulers in their respective states. Separation of powers of the federal and state governments The federation agreement Perjanjian Persekutuan set the powers of the federal and state governments. Financial matters must be handled by the respective states. The Sultan was given full power on religious issues and Malay customs. Foreign policy and defense continued to be administered by the British government.