Violent Video Games Have Negative Effects - 904 Words

Violent Video Games Have Negative Effects For years gaming industries have been aiming towards entertaining people of all ages, especially children and adolescents. However, the definition of entertainment has changed drastically, from playing dodge ball outside to watching and playing video games in which people pretend to annihilate each other. Video game violence attracts and addicts young players, by affecting their behavior, and their development of social skills, to even affect their ability to differentiate fantasy from reality. The short and long term effects of violent video games affect not only the ones playing them, but also the ones viewing the violence. Some say that violent video games have a minimal impact on teenagers, pointing out that most video game players live completely normal lives. Some even say that video games help psychologically, sociologically, and in one’s health. Firstly, it is said that videos helps psychologically because it enhances imaginat ion, teaches how to follow instructions and problem solving. Secondly, it helps sociologically because most video games are multi-players and one can even make online friendships. Lastly, it is said that video games are healthy because it’s somewhat therapeutic [stress reliever], and it improves motor skills and eye coordination. â€Å"A study conducted by researchers at McMaster University indicates that playing first person shooter games can help improve the eyesight of people with conditions likeShow MoreRelatedDo Violent Video Games Have Negative Effects On Humanity1763 Words   |  8 PagesVideo games have always been a popular source of entertainment for people of all ages that are available on many electronic devices and offer various genres. Video games were first introduced in the 1970s with simple graphic that contains only black and white images together with minimal sounds. Later on, video games have developed and come at age which are violent video games, and r esearchers started to find out whether there were any connection between violent video games and real-life antisocialRead MoreEffects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Violent Video Games on Children The use of video games has become tremendously popular among children and adolescents in the past decade. In fact, â€Å"Sixty-eight percent of U.S. households play computer or video games.† (David Jenkins, 2009) This statistic reveals how important it is to understand the effects that these games can have on individuals and more specifically, children. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted investigating whether video games have positiveRead MoreThe True Cause Of Violent Behaviors1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Cause of Violent Behaviors in Today s Society There are volumes of media that are starting to harm the world in which we live. They have been linked to fourteen mass murders (Fletcher). Nine out of the top ten selling games have been labeled as violent and 42% of adolescents play them (â€Å"Children and Video Games†). These violent video games are a major problem in the United States and across the globe. Violent video games have a direct correlation with negative behaviors because they increaseRead MoreViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagesgaming systems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent years the violence in ga mes have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realisticRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Mental Health1120 Words   |  5 PagesDoes video game have an effect on mental health? There is a lot of research into what affects gaming has on childrens mental health, consequently there is research into both sides of the argument. Gaming has an effect on mental health, but not necessarily in a negative way. I strongly argue that gaming affects mental health in a positive way so accordingly I will set out to prove it. We will be discussing a wide range of sources, showing a variety of views, describing how video games are goodRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, many scholars have begun to examine the negative effects of media violence. There is a debate on whether negative effects directly derive from media violence. Because media violence has been proven to have a negative effect on society, this essay will argue that there needs to be more censorship on media violence. I will first examine the influence media violence has on mass shootings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain mo vies and shows encourage datingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Violent Video Games1534 Words   |  7 Pagescreation of violent video games. But, we can prevent the distribution of these disturbing games to children, where their effects can be negative.† (Kohl, Herb). Violent video games have been blamed for children poor school performance, mental development, and aggressive behavior; there are many studies conducted by different psychologists and experts in the area, and they came up with different results. 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The subject has been a source of controversy both within and outside the scientific community. (INSERT CLEAR FOCUSED HYPOTHESIS HERE) Content analyses show that 89% of video games have some violent content. Half of the video games on the market have extreme violent actions toward other characters. Games, today, are allowing players to not only connect with the game physically, but also emotionally and psychologicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children s Behavior1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violent video games on children’s behavior has been the major concern of numerous researchers over the last several decades. Indeed, a great number of researches conducted by psychologists show that regular exposure to violent video games has both long-term and short-term negative effects on a player’s behavior. Aggressiveness and lack of empathy are considered to be two main outcomes of constant playing games with violent content. However, it should be noted that the content is not

Taser-gun heist trio sent for trial Free Essays

A 22-year-old white woman and two young Hispanic males are being sent for trial in Oklahoma County on charges of stunning a 50-year-old man with an electronic taser gun and then robbing him. During the attack they also beat their victim, kicked him and stabbed him. At a 13 April preliminary hearing, District Court Judge Gregory J Ryan was told that Crystal Grace Harris had taken their victim back to her motel room after she and their victim had spent the evening together at a local casino. We will write a custom essay sample on Taser-gun heist trio sent for trial or any similar topic only for you Order Now The middle-aged man, identified only as â€Å"Mr Brown† during the hearing, said he had come out of the bathroom to discover Harris putting down her phone.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Two minutes later there was a knock on the door and these two guys came in,† Mr Brown told the Court. â€Å"That made me nervous because I thought I had been set up.†Ã‚  The two men, named as Ricky Lee Meza (22) and Robert E Hill (21), are alleged to have then attacked Mr Brown, beating him up, kicking him and stabbing him before disabling him with a taser-gun shot. A taser gun, the Court was told, is a hand-held electronic weapon that fires barbs linked by wires to batteries. On touching their target the barbs deliver an electric shock of 50,000 volts-and-more, causing instant short-term paralysis.  After taking their victim’s wallet, money and the keys of his truck, Harris and her two accomplices had been able to get away from the motel before reception had been alerted that a robbery had taken place and called the police. With the incident having occurred in the early evening, there had been witnesses around who were able to say the three had driven off in an old grey-coloured Chevrolet Caprice. The witnesses were also able to tell police the direction the vehicle had taken. As a result of a chance encounter on the road, Harris and the two men were picked up and stopped by County police within 10 minutes of their getaway. A police car heading for the motel in response to the robbery call saw a grey Caprice with three occupants going in the opposite direction that matched the description of the getaway car, turned and stopped it after a short and uneventful chase. Identifying Hill as the driver of the car he had stopped, with Harris and Meza as the other people in the car with him, County Police Officer Chris Spillman told the Court that after he had arrested them he had found them to be in possession of Mr Brown’s wallet with his driving license, credit cards and other identifying documents, together with the $1,095 that Mr Brown had reported stolen, and Mr Brown’s truck keys. After Mr Brown had also positively identified Harris, Hill and Meza as the group who had attacked and robbed him, Judge Ryan said he was satisfied he had heard enough evidence to justify sending all three of them for trial on a count of robbery with a dangerous weapon and a second count of stealing Mr Brown’s wallet, money and car keys.  It is understood that at the full jury trial they will also be charged with assault-and-battery arising out of having shot Mr Brown with the taser gun. Bail for Crystal Harris was set at $27,000, with $5,000 for Hill and $3,000 for Meza.  The case has been listed for jury trial on 2 May. Commentary from Our Court Correspondent Oklahoma’s State Constitution provides for a preliminary Court hearing before a Judge to establish whether enough sound, prima facie evidence exists to justify a case being referred for full jury trial. Only at a full jury trial will the alleged offenders be found guilty or not guilty of the charges against them. This is an historic constitutional safeguard to test whether a State prosecution is warranted as legitimate and whether there is a good factual basis for it. Very importantly, one purpose of the preliminary-hearing process is to make sure no one sits in jail waiting to be tried without a reason that has been properly tested before a Judge in Court. Basically, the preliminary hearing seeks to determine two things: one, is to determine that an indictable crime has actually been committed; and, two, is to establish that there is sound evidence that the defendant or defendants did it. In this case, Mr Brown is alleging that Crystal Harris, Ricky Lee Meza and Robert Hill attacked him, beat him, kicked him, stabbed him, shot a taser weapon at him, took his money and other possessions and fled. As District Court Judge Gregory J Ryan commented to students after the preliminary hearing: â€Å"I’m not making the final determination. I’m just there to make sure that the allegations that the State is arguing have some merit in them — which, in my opinion, they probably have. â€Å"Mr Brown is able to identify all three individuals. Then they (the State) put a police officer on the stand who testified that after the victim had gone into the lobby and said he had been robbed, the police put out an immediate description of the grey-coloured Chevy Caprice with two Hispanic males and one white female and the direction they had taken. â€Å"Then there was the second police officer who testified he had heard that report and he had just started to head in the direction of the motel when he saw the car go by, chased it and stopped it. â€Å"And he found those three people in the car and after he had arrested them he found the victim’s wallet, victim’s driver’s license and credit cards and another ID in it. And the $1,095 in the wallet that Mr Brown had said was in the wallet, as well as his car key.† As Judge Ryan said: â€Å"I’m not making the final determination. I’m just there to make sure that the allegations that the State is arguing have some merit in them — which, in my opinion, they probably have.† How to cite Taser-gun heist trio sent for trial, Essay examples

Business Advertising Company Assessable Income

Question: Discuss aout the Report for Business Advertising Company for Assessable Income. Answer: Introduction Based on the information provided, it is apparent that an advertising company has been founded by the Stephanie named Rogan Advertising where her husband Ronald is employed as the director. In wake of the given information, the given analysis aims to highlight the assessable income for the couple on an individual basis and also for the company i.e. Rogan Advertisement. Discussion The key issues worth discussion as identified from the case are highlighted as follows. Tax Residency- Individual Tax residency determination is significant as Section 6-5(2), ITAA 1997[1] allows foreign income to be assessable in case of Australian tax residents while Section 6-5(3), ITAA 1997[2] limits the assessable income for foreign tax residents only to income derived from Australia only. In regards to tax residency, the primary statute is Section 6(1), ITAA 1936 although detailed explanation and appropriate case law reference is provided by TR 98/17. In accordance with this, four residency tests are available for individual taxpayers and compliance with even one of these is a sufficient condition for gaining Australian tax residency[3]. These residency tests have been briefly described below. Domicile Test This test has relevance only for Australian residents as it is deployed in situation when the given taxpayer has to spend a considerable time abroad owing to professional commitment or any other reason. For compliance with this test, the following conditions need to be satisfied[4]. Taxpayer at assessment time should be Australian domicile holder. Taxpayers permanent residence needs to be located within Australian territorial boundaries. While the determination of domicile is straight forward, there is considerable difficulty with regards to the underlying location of permanent residence evaluation of the taxpayer. In this context, critical information is made available by IT 2650 which lists down the critical factors as mentioned below[5]. Taxpayers intent to settle on foreign land. Taxpayers engagement in a particular activity that would effectively result in establishment of permanent residence abroad. The intended period of stay on foreign land to be compared with the actual data and the underlying reasons for variation specially if the duration is extended. Ties in various personal and professional aspect that the tax has in Australia along with frequency of Australian visits during assessment year. Resides Test This particular test has relevance only for non-Australian residents. The critical factors to be evaluated with regards to taking a stance on the tax residency are summarised below[6]. Taxpayers core reason to visit Australia and the significance of the same. Taxpayers extent of ties in place with regards to professional and personal relation while in Australia. Taxpayers visit frequency to country to origin and duration of the same. Taxpayers social arrangements during the period of residence. 183 Day Test This is also directed only at foreign residents and based on fulfilment of both the conditions listed below[7]. Taxpayers minimum stay in Australia to the tune of 183 days. Taxpayers intention of making efforts to settle in Australia going ahead Superannuation Test This test is highlight specialised in its application and scope and used only for certain government employees that are working from foreign countries[8]. Residency Status - Stephanie and Ronald The relevant residency tests have already been described above and the facts to be considered are detailed below. Both Ronald and Stephanie in order to work on the advertising assignment left for Brazil on June 26, 2015 and they are expected to be back in about 17 to 18 months. The couple have a home in Australia which they have put on lease for the duration of their Brazil assignment. The company is highly dependent on ability of Stephanie to garner new customers and the couple have the expectation to return to Australia at the end of the advertisement contract. They maintain a joint bank account both in Australia and Brazil where the lease payment of house and salary are credited respectively. Since both individuals are Australian residents, hence the relevant test to be applied in the given case would be domicile test. In accordance with ruling IT 2650, a foreign stay extending to a period lower than two years would be recognised as temporary for the domicile test. For Stephanie and Ronald also, they are expected to return to Australia before 24 months. Also, the main residence for the couple meanwhile is their home in Australia. Besides, in wake of their professional ties in Australia with Rogan Advertisement, it is expected that the owners and directors would come back. Further, an assumption has been taken here with regards to the return date for the taxpayers, which has been assumed as October 31, 2016. Thus, in this scenario, both taxpayers are recognised as Australian tax residents for the year 2015/2016 and also 2016/2017. Tax Residency- Company To have the Australian tax residency of a company legal structure, atleast one of the following conditions need to be complied with[9]. Incorporation of the company should be in Australia. Companys business needs to be based out of Australia and also the majority shareholders need to have tax residency of Australia or the management control should be based out of Australia. Tax Residency- Rogan Advertising For the given company i.e. Rogan Advertising, it seems reasonable assumption that the incorporation place is Australia only as there is little reason to believe based on the given information that the same could be elsewhere. Thus, the company is Australian tax resident for both financial years FY2016 and FY2017. Source of Income Two section in the ITAA 1997 lead to the derivation of assessable income and briefly discussed below. Section 6(5) This primarily refers to ordinary concept income receipts and tends to refer to the three types of proceeds highlighted below[10] Proceeds on the basis of personal exertion (includes income from personal service) Proceeds on basis of various investments (Examples include dividends, interest income and rent income) Proceeds on basis of involvement in a business Section 15(15) In accordance with tax ruling 92/3 and verdict of the case Westfield Limited v. FCT (1991), the gains that the taxpayer may derive from transactions of isolated nature enacted with the intention of making money would contribute to assessable income[11]. STEPHANIE The income earned can be classified in the following manner. Section 6(5) Proceeds from personal exertion Employment income from the company - $ 80,000 As tax residency is Australian for both years, thus this income credited in Brazilian bank account would be assessable for tax purposes. Lecture income - $ 24,000 Indirectly earned because of the underlying advertising knowledge as a result of which she got the invitation from the University. Proceeds from investment Lease payments that are credited into Australian bank account. Taking the standard assumption of equal share, income derived = (450/2)*52 weeks = $ 11,700 Besides, interest income would also be earned in the bank balances maintained in bank account in Australian and Brazil. Additionally, the company (Rogan advertisement) provides dividend income in the form of un-franked dividends based on the residual profits of the company and these are equally divisible between Stephanie and Ronald Thus, based on the above, assessable income for FY2016 = 80000 + 11700 + 24000 = $ 115,700 The assumptions for the above computation are that dividend income is zero, interest earned in zero and also the lectures were delivered in Fy2016. Also, assessable income for FY2017 = 80000 + 17*(450/2) = $ 83,825 There has been an adjustment in the rent income as the couple are coming back at the end of October and hence lease payments from July1, 2016 to October 31, 2016. Remaining assumptions are the same as above. ROGER The income earned can be classified in the following manner. Section 6(5) Proceeds from personal exertion Employment income from the company - $ 80,000 As tax residency is Australian for both years, thus this income credited in Brazilian bank account would be assessable for tax purposes. Proceeds from investment Lease payments that are credited into Australian bank account. Taking the standard assumption of equal share, income derived = (450/2)*52 weeks = $ 11,700 Besides, interest income would also be earned in the bank balances maintained in bank account in Australian and Brazil. Additionally, the company (Rogan advertisement) provides dividend income in the form of un-franked dividends based on the residual profits of the company and these are equally divisible between Stephanie and Ronald Thus, based on the above, assessable income for FY2016 = 80000 + 11700 = $ 91,700 The assumptions for the above computation are that dividend income is zero, interest earned in zero. Also, assessable income for FY2017 = 80000 + 17*(450/2) = $ 83,825 There has been an adjustment in the rent income as the couple are coming back at the end of October and hence lease payments from July1, 2016 to October 31, 2016. Remaining assumptions are the same as above. ROGAN ADVERTISING In the given case, no financial data pertaining to the revenue and expenses has been provided and thereby an assumption has been made that the company just breaks even for both the tax years under consideration. Otherwise, taxable income would be calculated by deducting expenses and other available concessions from the net revenues. Conclusion There seems to a host of information that seems missing in the case and is required as mentioned below. Interest income for Stephanie and Ronald to ascertain their assessable income. Dates when Stephanie delivered the lectures to ascertain that income is recorded correctly in the same tax year when these were delivered. The actual date on which the taxpayers come back to Australia to opine on tax residency status and also compute the lease rental income in FY2017. Respective stakes of both owners in house so that lease income can be appropriately divided between the two for both years. Details about the revenue and expense detail of the company for both years for calculation of taxable income along with the dividend payment made to director and owner. References ATO, TR 98/17 (25 November, 1998) https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?Docid=TXR/TR9817/NAT/ATO/00001 ATO, Taxation Ruling IT 2650 (8 August, 1991) https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=ITR/IT2650/NAT/ATO/00001 ATO, Companies (27 May, 2013) https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Starting-your-own-business/In-detail/Getting-started/Residency-requirements-for-companies,-corporate-limited-partnerships-and-trusts/?page=2#Companies ATO, Residency the resides test, https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/In-detail/Residency/Residency---the-resides-test/ AusTax, Residency Status- Arrival in Australia, https://austaxpbr.com.au/document/PBR_17804 Austlii, Income Tax Assessment Act 1997- Section6-5, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s6.5.html Austlii, INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997 - SECT 15.15, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s15.15.html